Scribe Series: HPI practice Case 1

Hey all,

Since I do peruse what piques peoples interest on this site, I’ve noticed a lot of interest in general on HPI practice. So today, I figured I’d give ya’ll some practice. This will be text practice; I’m not technologically fancy enough to do a voiceover. These cases are long, so I will do 1 per post. Let me know if you find this helpful in the comments below!

Also, here is a drive worksheet you can use. Feel free to make a copy of it or print it out so you can work through this on your own. I will not be giving edit access out simply to allow others to come across a blank worksheet. Worksheet here.

Cough

Here are the list of complaints given to you in no particular order.
– 73 y/o
– F
– h/o COPD, recent pneumonia which got better on abx a few weeks ago.
– Has had pneumonia 3x this year.
– Has a rescue inhaler and a long acting inhaler. Noticed that she is having to use her rescue inhaler more, 6 times or more a day.
– Cough onset 1 week ago, productive. white-yellow sputum. Coughing bouts occur all throughout the day, making it difficult to do her normal activities. Cough keeps her up at night.
– Fatigued.
– Don’t feel well. Hasn’t checked her temp at home.
– Cough syrup makes it slightly better. Activity and deep breathing makes it worse. She’s been shallow breathing because of it.
– Also has a sharp pain to her R rib cage that is much worse with deep breathing. Noticed 2 days ago. pain is a 7/10. Feels slightly better when compressing the area.

Task 1: Can you pick out the elements of this HPI?

Age/Sex
Chief Complaint
Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristic
Alleviating factors
Aggravating factors
Associated Symptoms
Radiation
Timing
Severity
(anything else you can add at the bottom of your paragraph).

Now, there are actually two problems here. But we are going to lump the lesser problem into the main problem, simply because I’m going for one caused the other.

Answer:

Age/Sex: 73 y/o F
CC: Cough
Onset: 1 week ago
Location: chest
Duration: constant (in a sense).
Characteristic: productive of white-yellow sputum.
Alleviating factors: cough syrup helps slightly
Aggravating factors: activity. deep breathing
Associated symptoms: fatigue. malaise. No reported temp, but we are unsure.
Radiation: None. In general, usually only pain radiates.
Timing: all throughout the day.
Severity: None. In general, usually only pain radiates.
Everything else: Lots here!
– In regards to the cough, she is having to use her rescue inhaler more. This is an important fact. It means she is not well controlled and her current cough (whether from COPD or another infection) is needing a lot more medication.
-Cough is keeping her up at night, likely causing her fatigue.
-She was recently on antibiotics for a bout of pneumonia.
-Rib pain! Her rib pain started after her cough began. It is pleuritic (or hurts when she breaths) and 7/10 in sharp pain. It feels better when she compresses it.

Now, we could ask more information on the rib pain, and do a second OLDCAAARTS on this complaint. However, your provider decides not to ask more.

Why might that be?

Task 2: Write an HPI!

Write an HPI so that your order, flow and story makes sense. Use medical terminology as if you were writing this in a chart. The blessing is this is text, and you aren’t converting it from what you are hearing down into text form.

My version of this HPI:

Patient is a 73 y/o F with a h/o COPD presenting c/o 1 week of a productive cough with yellow-white sputum. She has noted her cough to be constant and interfering with her daily activities and sleep. Because of this, she has been fatigued more than usual. The patient recently had pneumonia which improved on antibiotics, but has had 3 other bouts of pneumonia this year. Deep breathing worsens her cough and causes pleuritic pain. Cough syrup has slightly improved her symptoms. Other associated symptoms include malaise and right sided rib pain which presented after her coughing started. Rib pain is pleuritic and rated a 7/10. This improves with manual compression of the area. Of note, she has both a rescue inhaler and long-acting inhaler at home. She has needed her rescue inhaler more this past week, reporting using it upwards of 6x or more a day.

Bonus!

On exam, she is febrile at 102’F, tachycardia at 110. She appears ill. Breath sounds are muffled in the RLL. Her R 5th rib has minor step off to the anterior axillary line area. Tenderness over this area of her chest.

Xray shows you barrel chested, hyperinflated lungs with a flattened diaphragm.  Consolidation in the RLL noted. Trachea appears midline. The R 5th is fractured at the anterior axillary line. No other fractures seen. All other bones appear normal.

Task 3: Can you guess what happened?

Now this is just for funsies as I certainly didn’t give you all of the clues or everything that I would order for this patient. You also wouldn’t be asked to do this as a scribe! But just for fun, what do you think this patient has?

Answer:

Well, first off by her history she has as cough, with mucopurulent sputum. We are thinking infection. She didn’t point us to a fever at home, but she certainly has one here. She is also a bit tachycardia and ill looking: all signs of infection. We are worried about whatever she has progressing to sepsis.

What else points to infection? Well she is not in great health (COPD can cause a lot of problems), but the biggest thing here is that they were recently on antibiotics for pneumonia and have had pneumonia multiple times this year. On X-ray, I told you there was a consolidation, or Dr. speak for pneumonia.

The other issue here is the rib pain. I was going for that they fractured their rib due to coughing so hard. This happens in pertussis due to coughing so hard, BUT can happen in pneumonia as well. Usually someone with osteoporosis may have a much higher incidence of this happening, but it can occur in anyone who repeatedly coughs very hard. Xray confirmed the rib fracture.

The last thing here is the COPD. Now, this would explain why she is on an inhaler regimen. In someone who has pneumonia that does not have underlying lung disease, we would prescribe just a rescue inhaler. Because this person also has a long acting inhaler, this points us to underlying disease. The X-ray also confirms this with the barrel chest, flattened diaphragm, and hyperinflation. All classic signs of COPD on X-ray exam. I could have also said increased AP diameter.

So our diagnoses (or Assessment!) is as follows:

  1. Pneumonia, recurrent
  2. Rib fracture, likely from pneumonia
  3. H/o COPD

Hopefully you enjoyed this practice HPI post! Let me know if this helped in the comments below.

Cheers!

I got a Nudge From the Universe Today…

Hello!

This is going to a bit more unusual of a post than what I normally post. So let me set the scene for you, and I’m just gunna jump right in…

A few weekends ago I was sitting in my favorite coffee shop in Joplin. I had just arrived and was starting to unpack all of my books and notes. I had a test the next day, and as always, was hoping to get in a few hours of productive study time. The mountain felt high, but I was hoping to chip off a little bit before the exam. Let’s call it extremely hopeful.

Yes, yes… I was that: hopeful.

I was still in good spirits, but also still feeling like I was drowning. Which is the usual feeling in med school.

In hindsight it probably didn’t really matter if I studied at all that day. But I digress.

While opening up my books, a man who had set himself up at a table nearby was walking back. He politely stopped and asked me what I was studying.

Now, I sometimes forget how friendly people are in Joplin. In Michigan, most people aren’t this friendly. And you usually aren’t approached at a coffee shop unless you dropped something or some girl wants to compliment your dress/shirt/bag. So I was a bit caught off guard.

The conversation went something like this:

Oh, I have a really big test tomorrow, it’s on all of the cardiopulmonary system and the kidneys.”

Oh? I have lots of people that I know that work in healthcare. In fact, one of them is a nurse. She is on dialysis…

Hmm…Okay. Not sure why that was important. In fact, I was wondering why we were even going this direction. But alright, it’s conversation I guess.

We got to talking and I later learned his name. But for now, let’s call him M.

M eventually told me the the had interstitial lung disease which is now causing him some depression. Ah! I’m thinking, I actually know what interstitial lung disease is! I don’t know it well (even though I was supposed to know it for my last test… but hey, I know it). And before you ask “Joyce, where the hell are you going with this story?” The answer is I’m about to get there. Calm your tits. Please.

Anywho, long story short and he tells me he thinks medicine is poison.

An interesting stance. One that I obviously do not agree with, but one that I’m sure I will come across more than once in my future.

But a point that I nonetheless wanted to talk about today.

As someone who does not have a chronic illness and as someone who lives a relatively healthy life without many restrictions; I clearly do not have the same hurtles, experiences, or struggles as someone who does. I do not know what it is like to have difficulty breathing. To be gasping for air or feel like you might be suffocating on a fairly regular basis or even all of the time. I understand depression, but my encounter with that illness is different from his experience with it. Simply put, I cannot put myself in his shoes because I have absolutely no reference to base it upon.

But I can understand that he is struggling. That he isn’t happy with the cards he was dealt. And as a future physician, I need to be able grasp this.

This conversation lead me to multiple realizations:

  1. People want to be heard.

As a future a physician, it is our job to be able to lend an ear. Most patients don’t just want to be “fixed” or “cured”. They want to be heard. That their struggles are valid. That their emotions about their struggles are valid. Sometimes they just need to vent. And we need recognize that. Yes, you can say that they can be referred to someone else other than you for this. However, a part of our jobs are to have a human-human interaction. And sometimes, patients just need an our ear.

2. Perspective

I seem to be gaining a lot more of this recently. But perspective in the fact that we know what our lives are; we know our struggles, our obstacles, and what we have to do. But we sometimes don’t stop to think that our patients may have a much more difficult time doing the same things as us given their obstacles. It also reminds me that not everyone has a great experience with medicine. And with that, patients are scared, unsure, or may pushback more because of it.

3. It’s okay to disagree with our patients. Respectfully.

But it means we need to try to understand what is important to them. Their goals may be different than your goals. And sometimes as physicians we have to slightly re-align the goals to be more realistic. Other times, we just need to be on the same page.  Is their life meaningful? Can they do the things they enjoy doing? Do they still have the drive to do the things they enjoy? Can they work on accepting that it may take them longer to do a task now than it did previously? All of these are important. But taking time to just chat with your patient to get an idea of where they are at and sometimes gently nudging them or re-aligning their goals can help them immensely change their frame of mind.

4. And lastly and most importantly, we as physicians and as a medical culture need to stop being so afraid to allow death to happen.

This is the biggest thing that I think we sometimes all forget. Medicine can do many wondrous things. It can save lives, it can improve life and quality of life, and it can extend lives. But it can also extend life with the association of declining the quality of life. And that often times, we as physicians don’t do enough explaining or education that death is not necessarily something to be afraid of.

Do I want my future patients to die? Of course not! I want to give them a fighting chance when it is something that they want and it is within reasonable limits. But I also want them to know that it is okay to decline extra surgeries or procedures. It is okay to say no more. Especially if it may prolong their lifespan, but decline their quality of life.

There comes a point in someone’s life where the answer isn’t always a clear “yes, make me better so I can live longer”. When we are young or younger I should say, the answer is always make it longer. Give them a full life. But when you take someone who is chronically ill or elderly, the amount of sickness or chronic diseases start to pile up. I’m not sure our bodies were ever meant to live as long as we typically do nowadays. And as all of those start to pile up, the quality of life goes down. Sure, most of them are easily fixable on their own. Or if they had a perfectly healthy immune system getting something like pneumonia or a urinary tract infection would be easy to clear. But when put with someone who does not have a healthy immune system, it can seem like attempting to move a very large boulder that is constantly trying to squash you.

So too that, I think as a future physician myself and a lot of my future colleagues need to put our egos aside. We need to start having discussions earlier with our patients about their wants and wishes. So that when shit hits the fan, their family members who aren’t ready to let them go don’t contradict what the patient wants. Because not all family members will agree with what your patient wants. They may be selfish about what they want instead. And even just having that conversation early allows your patients to have the ability to take time and think about what they truly want. Because in some situations, it is better to grant their wishes or let them have a natural death to where they aren’t dying with tubes out of every orifice and hooked up to multiple machines. Or when their heart starts to give out, their defibrillator isn’t constantly shocking them, prolonging death and causing pain.

We also need to be better at discussing that death is not always traumatic. A lot of times, when chronic sickness takes over, your body doesn’t necessarily “kill you slowly”. A lot of times, you will go unconscious because your blood pressure is too low, or you are septic, your metabolites build up in your system, or your heart just gives out.

But it also leads me to this point…

I was sitting there having this discussion with M who I don’t know. This man who clearly wants to vent but also wants to be validated. I thought to myself: I am so wrapped up in my own problems that I forget I have a very fortunate life and situation.

As someone who just came back from Kenya, it is seriously embarrassing to admit that it only took 2 months to forget the perspective I learned while there.

But I also needed this conversation. Call it a nudge. Or maybe a little wind blew in my direction from the universe.

I needed to be reminded of where I was. That yes, this was hard, but that I was doing this so that when a patient like M walks into my office, I can have this conversation with them. That I can reassure them. Listen to them. Allow them that space.

Humans need to feel connected. In a world where we try so hard to be connected via social media, we don’t do a very good job of actually forming connections with people. I’m going to run into having patients who just want to see me to discuss that they are unhappy. To talk it out. For me to remind them or gently nudge them to find the things that they find pleasure in life with. And once that is gone, we should discuss where to go next.

I was at a crossroads in my life before this conversation. The universe gave me a little nudge to remind me that what I’m going through now won’t be the rewarding part. That what I’m doing right this second isn’t what it will be like in practice. That the conversations I have with my patients will be both heartbreaking and rewarding, but worth my white coat.

Just wanted to throw that out there today.